Where, \(\sigma\) is the electrical conductivity, E is electrical field, B is magnetic induction, \(\mu\) is the magnetic permeability, H is magnetic induction, M is magnetization vector.

Design

The concast mold is of square cross-section of 220 mm side and 1000 mm high. The liquid steel is poured into the mold from the top through a nozzle which is at its center and of diameter 46 mm. The speed of continuous casting is 1.8 m/min. To minimize the cost of computation a vertical section (Figure 2) at the center of the mold is analyzed. In the computational model the nozzle at the top boundary is taken as inlet, and bottom boundary of the mold is taken as outlet. The two vertical sides of the mold are taken as walls subjected to convection of water circulation to cool the mold. The toplet of the mold is assumed to be perfectly insulated. The inlet velocity of the liquid metal is calculated using the following equation: