Figure 9. Contours of liquid fraction of vertical EMS
Liquid fraction or porosity is plotted against distance along a line parallel to the toplet at the center of the mold. Majority of center portion of the mold at this level is completely liquid when there is no EMS acting. The liquid fraction at this region varies from 0.96- 0.99 (mushy zone) with the H-EMS at 100 and 300 mm level. However, the metal at this region is completely liquid with H-EMS at 500 and 700 mm (Figure 10).