2.5 | Intervention
PRG patients proceeded the standard recording scheme of fluid intake and output according to the nursing textbook 15. The intake fluid included oral fluid, “embedded water” in foods, “generated water” from food metabolism, intravenous infusion and blood transfusion. The output fluid included urine, feces, insensible losses (through skin and lung), drainage liquid, vomit, hemoptysis and sputum, bleeding, and wound drainage. SRG patients carried on a simplified record which optimized the fluid embedded in or generated from foods and those in feces as shown in Table 1.
Liquid foods were measured by using a container with ”ml” capacity scale. Non-liquid foods were weighed by using a uniform electronic scale and recorded as ”g”. Especially, PRG patients should calculate the content of water according to food moisture conversion table15. Urine was measured as ”ml” by a graduated cylinder, and watery stools were weighed. For those patients with poor education or memory, the procedures were completed with the help of their family members or nurses.