Author Contributions
X.X. conceived the project. L.H. performed the data compilation. N.A.S, M.B, P.A.O., C.S., Y.S., L.T contributed data. L.H. and X.X. developed the empirical model and carried out the model simulation. F.H.Y. and F.M.Y contributed to data analysis. L.H., J.L.M.R., D.L., and X.X. interpreted the results. L.H. and X.X. wrote the manuscript with assistances from other coauthors.