Study ID (first author, year) Unit of analysis Frequency of the feedback Evidence-based feedback benchmarks low cognitive load Direction of change Effect of intervention
Osvaldo P. Almeida, 2012 Patients Unclear Unclear Yes Unclear Decrease behavior Yes
Anthony J Avery, 2012 Patients Less than monthly Unclear Unclear Unclear Decrease behavior Yes
B. Bonevski, 1999 Patients Unclear Yes Yes Unclear Increase behavior Yes
Carlos A. Estrada, 2011 Patients Less than monthly Unclear Yes Unclear Increase behavior No
Trine Lignell Guldberg, 2011 Patients Unclear Yes Yes Yes Increase behavior Yes
Bruce Guthrie, 2016 Patients Less than monthly Yes Yes No Decrease behavior Yes
Wei Yin Lim, 2018 Number of prescriptions Less than monthly Unclear Yes Yes Decrease behavior Yes
Jeffrey A. Linder, 2010 Providers Monthly Yes Yes Yes Decrease behavior No
James W. Mold, 2008 Providers Unclear Unclear Yes Unclear Increase behavior Yes
Gbenga Ogedegbe, 2014 Patient Less than monthly Yes Unclear Unclear Increase behavior No
Steven Ornstein, 2010 Patients Unclear No Unclear Unclear Increase behavior Yes
Ginger A. Pape, 2011 Patients Unclear Yes Yes Unclear Increase behavior Yes
David Peiris, 2015 Patient-level data analysis Unclear Yes Yes Yes Increase behavior Yes (partially)
Inés Urbiztondo, 2017 Individual data at patient and GP level Weekly Yes Unclear Unclear Decrease behavior Yes
Dragos Vinereanu, 2017 Patients Unclear Unclear Unclear Unclear Increase behavior Yes
William C. Wadland, 2007 Providers Less than monthly Unclear Yes Yes Increase behavior Yes
N. Winslade, 2016 Number of dispensings Once Yes Yes No Increase behavior Yes (partially)