References
1. Woolf AD, Erwin J, March L. The need to address the burden of
musculoskeletal conditions. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol.
2012;26(2):183-224.
2. Maly MR, Krupa T. Personal experience of living with knee
osteoarthritis among older adults. Disabil Rehabil.
2007;29(18):1423-1433.
3. Victor CR, Ross F, Axford J. Capturing lay perspectives in a
randomized control trial of a health promotion intervention for people
with osteoarthritis of the knee. J Eval Clin Pract. 2004;10(1):63-70.
4. Kao MH, Tsai YF. Illness experiences in middle-aged adults with
early-stage knee osteoarthritis: findings from a qualitative study. J
Adv Nurs. 2014;70(7):1564-1572.
5. Gignac MA, Davis AM, Hawker G, et al. ”What do you expect? You’re
just getting older”: a comparison of perceived osteoarthritis-related
and aging-related health experiences in middle- and older- age adults.
Arthritis Rheum. 2006;55(6):905-912.
6. Mitchell HL, Hurley MV. Management of chronic knee pain: a survey of
patient preferences and treatment received. BMC Musculoskelet Disord.
2008;9(1):123-129.
7. Lorig KR, Sobel DS, Stewart AL, et al. Evidence suggesting that a
chronic disease self-management program can improve health status while
reducing hospitalization: a randomized trial. Med Care. 1999;37(1):5-14.
8. Smith TO, Purdy R, Lister S, Salter C, Fleetcroft R, Conaghan P.
Living with osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-ethnography.
Scand Rheumatol. 2014;43(6):441-452.
9. Hawamdeh ZM, Al-Ajlouni JM. The clinical pattern of knee
osteoarthritis in Jordan: a hospital based study. Int J Med Sci.
2013;10(6):790-795.
10. Abu Nimah H. Pedistrian Unfriendly Amman. The Jordan Times, 2019.
11. World Economic Forum. Insight Report, The Global Gender Gap report.
http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GGGR_2018.pdf. Accessed 4/12/2019,
2019.
12. World Health Organization. The International Classification of
Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF).
http://www.who.int/classifications/icf/en/. Accessed 31 July, 2018.
13. World Health Organization. Towards a common language for
Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF: Geneva: WHO; 2002.
14. Xie F, Thumboo J, Fong KY, et al. Are they relevant? A critical
evaluation of the international classification of functioning,
disability, and health core sets for osteoarthritis from the perspective
of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Singapore. Ann Rheum Dis.
2006;65(8):1067-1073.
15. Dreinhofer K, Stucki G, Ewert T, et al. ICF core sets for
osteoarthritis. J Rehabil Med. 2004;Suppl 44:75-80.
16. Ritchie J, Ormston R. The Applications of Qualitative Methods to
Social Research. In: Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston
R, eds. Qualitative Research Practice. A guide for Social Science
Students and Researchers. 2nd ed. London: SAGE; 2013.
17. Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C. Design Issues. In: Ritchie J, Lewis
J, McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R, eds. Qualitative Research Practice:
A guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. 2nd ed. London:
SAGE; 2013.
18. Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig J. Consolidated criteria for reporting
qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and
focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care. 2007;19(6):349-357.
19. Finsh H, Lewis J, Turley C. Focus Groups. In: Ritchie J, Lewis J,
McNaughton Nicholls C, Ormston R, eds. Qualitative Research Practice. A
guide for Social Science Students and Researchers. 2nd ed. London: SAGE;
2013:170-198.
20. Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, et al. Saturation in qualitative
research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual
Quant. 2018;52(4):1893-1907.
21. Yeo A, Legard R, Keegan J, Ward K, McNaughton Nicholls C, Lewis J.
In-depth Interviews. In: Ritchie J, Lewis J, McNaughton Nicholls C,
Ormston R, eds. Qualitative Research Practice. A guide for Social
Science Students and Researchers. 2nd ed. London: SAGE; 2013.
22. Elo S, Kaariainen M, Kanste O, Polkki T, Utriainen K, Kyngas H.
Qualitative content analysis: A focus on trustworthiness. Sage Open.
2014;4(1):1-10.
23. Gay C, Eschalier B, Levyckyj C, Bonnin A, Coudeyre E. Motivators for
and barriers to physical activity in people with knee osteoarthritis: A
qualitative study. Joint Bone Spine. 2017;85(4):481-486.
24. Bannuru RR, Osani MC, Vaysbrot EE, et al. OARSI guidelines for the
non-surgical management of knee, hip, and polyarticular osteoarthritis.
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019;27(11):1578-1589.
25. Fernandes L, Hagen KB, Bijlsma JW, et al. EULAR recommendations for
the non-pharmacological core management of hip and knee osteoarthritis.
Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72(7):1125-1135.
26. Holden MA, Nicholls EE, Young J, Hay EM, Foster NE. Role of exercise
for knee pain: what do older adults in the community think? Arthritis
Care Res. 2012;64(10):1554-1564.
27. Lange AK, Vanwanseele B, Fiatarone singh MA. Strength training for
treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review. Arthritis
Rheum. 2008;59(10):1488-1494.
28. Lee FI, Lee TD, So WK. effects of a tailor-made exercise program on
exercise adherence and health outcomes in patients with knee
osteoarthritis: a mixed-methods pilot study. Clin Interv Aging.
2016;11:1391-1402.
29. Marks R. Knee osteoarthritis and exercise adherence: a review. Curr
Aging Sci. 2012;5(1):72-83.
30. Picorelli AM, Pereira LS, Pereira DS, Felicio D, Sherrington C.
Adherence to exercise programs for older people is influenced by program
characteristics and personal factors: a systematic review. J Physiother.
2014;60(3):151-156.
31. Pandey SC, Patnaik S. Establishing reliability and validity in
qualitative inquiry: A critical examination. Jharkhand J Develop Manag
Studies. 2014;12(1):5743-5753.
32. Bailey J. First steps in qualitative data analysis: transcribing.
BMC Fam Pract. 2008;25(2):127-131.
33. Hammersley M. Routledge Revivals: What’s Wrong With Ethnography?
Methodological Explorations. New York: Routledge; 2018. Accessed.
34. Spencer L, Ritchie J, O’Connor W, Morrell G, Ormston R. Analysis in
Practice. In: RITCHIE J, LEWIS J, MCNAUGHTON NICHOLLS C, ORMSTON R, eds.
Qualitative Research Practice. A guide for Social Science Students and
Researchers. 2nd ed. London: SAGE; 2013.
35. Heuts PH, Vlaeyen JW, Roelofs J, et al. Pain-related fear and daily
functioning in patients with osteoarthritis. Pain.
2004;110(1-2):228-235.
36. Sanders C, Donovan JL, Dieppe PA. Unmet need for joint replacement:
a qualitative investigation of barriers to treatment among individuals
with severe pain and disability of the hip and knee. Rheumatology
(Oxford). 2004;43(3):353-357.
37. Veenhof C, van Hasselt TJ, Koke AJA, Dekker J, Bijlsma JWJ, van den
Ende CHM. Active involvement and long-term goals influence long-term
adherence to behavioural graded activity in patients with
osteoarthritis: a qualitative study. Aust J Physiother.
2006;52(4):273-278.
38. Walsh NE, Mitchell HL, Reeves BC, Hurley MV. Integrated exercise and
self-management programmes in osteoarthritis of the hip and knee: a
systematic review of effectiveness. Phys Ther Rev. 2006;11(4):289-297.
39. Hurley MV, Walsh N, Bhavnani V, Britten N, Stevenson F. Health
beliefs before and after participation on an exercised-based
rehabilitation programme for chronic knee pain: Doing is believing. BMC
Musculoskelet Disord. 2010;11(1):31-42.
40. Hendry M, Williams NH, Markland D, Wilkinson C, Maddison P. Why
should we exercise when our knees hurt? A qualitative study of primary
care patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. BMC Fam Pract.
2006;23(5):558-567.
41. Cottrell E, Roddy E, Foster NE. The attitudes, beliefs and
behaviours of GPs regarding exercise for chronic knee pain: a systematic
review. BMC Fam Pract. 2010;11(1):4-12.
42. Axford J, Heron C, Ross F, Victor CR. Management of knee
osteoarthritis in primary care: pain and depression are the major
obstacles. J Psychosom Res. 2008;64(5):461-467.
43. Gignac MAM, Backman CL, Davis AM, Lacaille D, Cao X, Badley EM.
Social role participation and the life course in healthy adults and
individuals with osteoarthritis: are we overlooking the impact on the
middle-aged? Soc Sci Med. 2013;81:87-93.
44. Sutton J, Austin Z. Qualitative research: data collection, analysis,
and management. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2015;68(3):226.
Table 1. Topic guide for the focus group and the semi-structured
interviews