Where m is the number of members of the coalition S, n is the number of
members of the set N, S- {i} is a coalition that does not belong to i
12.
Since each laboratory’s share is calculated based on expected cash
flows, but these cash flows are uncertain, Shapley’s value can support
this profit sharing. Thus, the profit of each laboratory is predicted by
the weighted average of the value of each laboratory in the laboratory
net income according to formula 3.