Figure 5. Mean trajectory deviation (MTD) in km 3h-1 for all perturbed simulations according toa.) the total area of all removed snow with coloring indicating the degree of perturbation as a percentile or all snow removed according to key; b.) initialization time shown as a number of days prior to cyclogenesis (T) with means (µ), and average, interquartile range, 2-σ, and outliers depicted by box and whisker for all cases;c.) MTDs for cases averaged for each month and displayed in cells for each perturbation degree [top] with amount of spin-up days on the x-axes [bottom]; d.) mean poleward shift of all cyclone trajectories in perturbed simulations according to degree of perturbation.