A knowledge of the morphology of seeds and diaspores is an invaluable resource that has prompted the compilation of descriptions and/or images in a variety of media, including databases with standardized protocols for trait measurement. The pressing need for new solutions to solve environmental crises, together with advances in the application of machine learning and image analysis to solve ecological problems, call for an upgrade of the diaspore morphological datasets. Here, we present DiasMorph, a dataset of morphological traits and images of diaspores from 1,437 taxa in 513 genera, and 96 families from Central Europe, totalling 94,214 records. Moreover, DiasMorph compiles information on quantitative morphological traits extracted from the images following a standardized and reproducible image analysis method, and include not only traditional morphometric measurements, but also colour, and shape features made available for the first time in a large dataset. The quantitative traits records correspond to measurements of individual diaspores, an input currently unavailable in traits databases that will allow for several approaches to be used for a complete exploration of the morphological traits of these species. We also included information on the presence and absence of appendages and structures in the diaspores of the evaluated taxa. By making these data available, we aim to encourage initiatives to advance on new tools for diaspore identification, further our understanding of morphological traits functions, and provide means for the continuous development of image analyses applications. Keywords: diaspore appendages, dispersal unit, image dataset, plant traits dataset, seed colour, seed morphology, seed shape, seed size, seed traits.

Article Reviewed: Title: "Sleep paralysis and trauma, psychiatric symptoms and disorders in an adult African American population attending primary medical care." Authors: Johnson EO, Roth T, Breslau N. Journal: Sleep, 2006 Jun;29(6):671-8. This research paper investigates the prevalence of sleep paralysis and its relationship to trauma, psychiatric symptoms, and disorders in an adult African American population attending primary medical care. The study involved a cross-sectional survey of 1,007 participants who completed a structured interview and questionnaires about their sleep habits, trauma history, and psychiatric symptoms. Strengths: Large sample size: The study included a large sample of 1,007 participants, which increases the statistical power of the results and enhances the generalizability of the findings to the African American population. Comprehensive assessment: The research paper includes a comprehensive survey that gathered data on sleep habits, trauma history, and psychiatric symptoms from 1,007 participants. The study used a structured interview and questionnaires to comprehensively assess sleep paralysis, trauma history, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders, which provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationships between these variables. Statistical analysis: The study employed appropriate statistical analyses to assess the associations between sleep paralysis, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders, which enhances the validity of the findings. Well-structured methodology: The research paper's methodology was well-structured, with clear inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a comprehensive data collection process that included multiple measures to ensure the validity and reliability of the data. Novel findings: The research paper's findings that sleep paralysis is associated with trauma and PTSD are novel, and add to the current understanding of the relationship between sleep disturbances and psychiatric symptoms. Weaknesses: Cross-sectional design: The study has a cross-sectional design, which limits the ability to determine the causality between sleep paralysis, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Self-report measures: The study relied on self-report measures to assess sleep paralysis, trauma history, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders, which may be subject to reporting bias and may not accurately reflect the true prevalence or severity of these variables. Limited generalizability: The study was conducted on an African American population attending primary medical care, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other populations or settings. Potential for bias: The research paper's reliance on self-reported measures may be subject to bias and may not accurately reflect the true prevalence of sleep paralysis or other variables measured. Conclusion: Overall, "Sleep paralysis and trauma, psychiatric symptoms and disorders in an adult African American population attending primary medical care" is a well-designed study that provides valuable insights into the relationships between sleep paralysis, trauma, and psychiatric symptoms and disorders in an African American population attending primary medical care. However, the study's cross-sectional design, self-report measures, and limited generalizability are potential limitations that should be considered in interpreting the findings\cite{pubmeda} \cite{denis2018}\cite{Denis_2018}\cite{Denis_2018a}\cite{Mainieri_2021}\cite{Wr_bel_Knybel_2022}\cite{SZKLO_COXE_2007}\cite{SZKLO_COXE_2007}\cite{Wr_bel_Knybel_2022}

Introduction:Malaria infects humans through the bite of the Anopheles mosquito that transmits the Plasmodium parasite. There are five species of plasmodium: falciparum, vivax, ovale , Malariae and Knowlesi[1]. Some Authors have suggested that Malarial splenic complications are associated with plasmodium vivax infection[2] Malaria infection alone has the greatest impact on global health, affecting more than 500 million individuals with more than 2.5 million deaths every year. It can manifest as an acute febrile illness, but it can lead to severe complications such as shock, respiratory distress, severe anemia, convulsions, intra-abdominal organ inflammation, and bleeding caused by spontaneous splenic rupture [3] According to the WHO, malaria is endemic in Sudan, and over 1.8 million cases have been reported in 2019, representing 12.4% of all diseases surveyed by the health sector with a mortality rate of 13 per 10,000. [4]. Malarial infection incidence in Sudan was estimated to be 9 million cases per year in 2007 with 44,000 deaths related to malaria complications[5]. The spleen plays an important role in immunity against malaria by producing antibodies against malaria parasites, this can lead to splenic enlargement making it more susceptible to complications such as hematoma formation and rupture [6].

We report a case of 22 years old male who presented with headache,bodyaches,cough,fever,vomiting,and diarrhea for short duration. investigations showed features of hypogonadism due to pituitary macroadenoma.He had long history of recurrent attacks of anemia and diarrhea, his anemia was due to MAHA. serial endoscopies and colonoscopies showed features of IBD.

Based on complex conformal mapping and Duhamel’s integral method the steady and transient dynamic stress distribution around an elliptical cavity subjected to plane P-wave was obtained. The influence of incident angle(θ0), axial ratio(k) and normalized wave length (t0) on the dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) was evaluated. Further, the finite element method (FEM) software LS-DYNA was utilized to validate the analytical solution. The results indicated that the maximum compression DSCF increased with θ0, except θ0=0, and decreased with k. When θ0=0 the maximum tensile DSCF increase with the decrease of k. The position of maximum compression and tensile DSCF varied with incident θ0. Under the transient incident condition DSCF was affected by normalized wave length t0, with the increasing of t0 the DSCF gone up then down finally gone closed to the static stress concentration factor. Further, the stress state around the elliptical cavity under transient impact loading was compared with the experimental results of elastic stress distribution and plastic failure and got a good agreement, and possible dynamic failure modes of elliptical cavity were discussed.

With the improvement of surface passivation, bulk recombination is becoming an indispensable and decisive factor to assess the limiting efficiency ( η lim ) of crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. In simultaneous consideration of surface and bulk recombination, a modified model of η lim   evaluation is developed. Surface recombination is directly depicted with contact selectivity while bulk recombination is revised on the aspects of ideality factor and wafer thickness. The η lim of cutting-edge photovoltaic technologies, double-side tunneling-oxide passivating contact (TOPCon) and silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells, are numerically simulated using the new model as 28.73% and 29.00%, respectively. Hybrid solar cells consisting of n-type TOPCon contact and p-type SHJ contact can approach an η lim as high as 29.18% at the optimal wafer thickness ( W opt ) of 103 μm . Our results are instructive in accurately assessing efficiency potential and accordingly optimizing design strategies of c-Si solar cells.

Sediment is an important factor affecting the growth of aquatic plants. The effects of sediment substrate application on aquatic plants and rhizosphere microorganisms are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of four substrates (maifanite, vermiculite, ceramsite, and volcanic rock gravels) on the growth and rhizosphere microorganisms of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara (V. natans) by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the maximum increase in plant height (20.5 cm) was observed in vermiculite group during the whole experiment period (day 1-40). The root activity of V. natans in the four treatment groups (34.78~85.28 U g-1) was higher than that in CK (28.48 U g-1). The maximum mean total chlorophyll content in maifanite group was 2.40 mg g-1, followed by vermiculite group (1.1 mg g-1). Catalase activity in leaves in all the treatment groups except maifanite group was significantly different during different periods (P<0.05). The maximum mean superoxide dismutase activity in maifanite group was 273.78 U g-1 min. All four treatment groups exhibited faster reduction in malondialdehyde content in leaves than CK group, indicating that substrate addition could rapidly enhance plant stress adaptation. Redundancy analysis showed that root vitality was positively correlated with biomass, plant height, and root length, and that different substrates had different effects on the growth of V. natans. Dominant bacterial phyla in rhizosphere sediments in each group were roughly the same, and the top two bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi. Relative abundance of Desulfobacterota and Nitrospirota were higher in four treatment groups than in CK group. Our results showed that substrate addition, especially maifanite, into lake sediments could promote the growth of submerged plants and improve the rhizosphere microbial community structure. Our findings provide theoretical basis for lake sediment improvement and aquatic vegetation restoration.

Designing and selecting cell culture media and their feeding are a key strategy to maximize culture performance in industrial biopharmaceutical processes. However, mammalian cells are very sensitive to their culture environment, requiring specific nutritional needs to grow and produce high-quality proteins such as antibodies, depending on cell lines and operational conditions. In this regard, previously we developed data-driven and in-silico model-guided systematic framework to investigate the effect of growth media on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell culture performance, allowing us to design and reformulate basal media. To expand our exploration for media development research further, we evaluated two chemically defined feed media, A and B, in ambr15 bioreactor runs using a monoclonal antibody-producing CHO K1 cell line. We observed a significant impact of feed media on cell growth, longevity, viability, productivity and toxic metabolites production. Specifically, concentrated feed A was not sufficient to support prolonged cell culture and high titer compared to feed B. The framework systematically characterized the major metabolic bottlenecks in the TCA cycle and its related amino acid transferase reactions, thereby identifying key design components, such as asparagine, aspartate, and glutamate, which are needed for highly productive cell cultures. Based on our results, we subsequently reformulated the feeds by adjusting the amounts of those amino acids and successfully validated their effectiveness in promoting cell growth and/or titer.

Introduction : Pulsed field ablation (PFA) is a non-thermal ablative strategy that achieves cell death via electroporation. Herein, we investigated the preclinical safety and efficacy of PFA using two novel 8-French, 16-electrode spiral PFA/mapping catheters (ElePulse, CRC EP, Inc). M ethods : Bipolar PFA (>1.8 kV) was performed using 30 sec, single-shot, QRS-gated applications. Altogether, 94 atrial structures were ablated in 23 swine, 1 canine, and 1 ovine, including right and left atria and atrial appendages, pulmonary veins, and superior and inferior (IVC) vena cavae. We also examined the impact of PFA on phrenic nerve (14 swine) and on a deviated esophagus after delivery of PFA from inside the IVC (5 swine). Results: All applications were single-shot without catheter repositioning. Minimal microbubbling was observed without significant skeletal muscle twitching/activation (mean acceleration: 0.05 m/s 2). There was marked reduction in post- versus pre-PFA atrial electrogram amplitude (0.17±0.21 mV vs. 1.18±1.08 mV; P<0.0001). Durable conduction block was demonstrated up to 3 months in all targeted tissues. Lesions were contiguous and transmural, measuring 25±9 mm x 21±7 mm without any thermal effects. Magnetic resonance, gross, and histologic examinations of the brain, rete mirabile, and kidneys revealed no thromboembolism. No acute/long-term phrenic nerve dysfunction was encountered. Though within 2 hours of ablation, histologic examinations of the esophagus revealed acute PFA-related changes in the muscular layer, these completely resolved by 21±5 days. Conclusion : A novel, single-shot, spiral PFA system is capable of safely creating large, durable atrial lesions without significant adverse effects on the phrenic nerve or the esophagus.

Aim: Early intervention services are the established and evidence-based treatment option for individuals with first-episode psychosis. They are time-limited, and care pathways following discharge from these services have had little investigation. We aimed to map care pathways at the end of early intervention treatment to determine common trajectories of care. Methods: We collected health record data for all individuals treated by early intervention teams in two NHS mental health trusts in England. We collected data on individuals’ primary mental health care provider for 52 weeks after the end of their treatment and calculated common trajectories of care using sequence analysis. Results: We identified 2224 eligible individuals. For those discharged to primary care we identified four common trajectories: Stable Primary Care, Relapse and return to CMHT, Relapse and return to EIP, and Discontinuity of Care. We also identified four trajectories for those transferred to alternative secondary mental health care: Stable Secondary Care, Relapsing Secondary Care, Long-term Inpatient, and Discharged Early. The Long-term Inpatient trajectory (1% of sample) accounted for 29% of all inpatient days in the year follow-up, with Relapsing Secondary Care (2% of sample and 21% of inpatient days), and Relapse and return to CMHT (5% of sample, 15% of inpatient days) the second and third most frequent. Conclusions: Individuals have common care pathways at the end of early intervention in psychosis treatment. Understanding common individual and service features that lead to poor care pathways could improve care and reduce hospital use.

As 5G networks become more widely accepted and executed all through the world, networks and academics have begun to investigate 6G interconnections.1upon to be founded on pervasive AI to give information ML arrangements in dissimilar and enormous scopes and domains. Customary AI draws near, then again, need incorporated information assembling and preparing by a server, which is turning into a boundary for enormous scope application in daily existence because of rising security concerns. As 5G networks become all the more broadly carried out all through the world, networks and scholastic have started to take a gander at 6G intersections. 6G is relied upon to be based on omnipresent AI to give information ML arrangements in heterogeneous and wider infrastructure and networks. Conventional AI draws near, then again, need concentrated information assembling and preparing by a server, which is turning into a hindrance for huge scope application in regular daily existence because of rising protection concerns. Albeit the vision and significant parts of the 6Th era (6G) biological system presently can’t seem to be totally analyzed, the vision and fundamental components of the fifth era (5G) environment have recently been examined. To assist with these endeavors and to characterize the security and protection components of 6G networks, we check out what security could mean for the imagined 6G remote frameworks, just as the issues and likely arrangements. We center around the security and protection gives that might emerge because of the 6G requirements, just as imaginative network plan, applications, and supporting innovations.

1. INTRODUCTIONOsteochondromas (OC) are benign tumors that account for 20-50% of benign and 10% of all bone tumors. The incidence rate of OC in males is twice that of females and its peak is usually in the second decade of life (1). These lesions are inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and cause the formation of isolated lesions or multiple exostoses during the development of bones in the process of enchondral ossification in the long bones (2). Also, OC is associated with the mutation of some tumor suppressor genes, including EXT1 or EXT2 genes. OC have a periosteal origin and are formed in the active parts of bones, including the metaphysis of long bones and the cartilage at their ends. Studies show that OC can be caused after surgery/radiation-induced injury and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (3).Osteocartilaginous exostosis is mainly detected in childhood and in the form of palpable masses, with chronic pain and sometimes with edema (4). The presence of misplaced bone masses in the joint capsule and sometimes with cartilaginous coating in radiographic images is one of its common manifestations. The most common joints involved in OC are the hip and knee joints. Patellar OC is rare and mostly affects the patellar bursa. Moraes et al. (2014) reported a patellar OC measuring 8 × 6 × 3 cm anterior to the patella in a 60-year-old man who was painless and without limitation of flexion-extension in the knee joint (5). In the present case, rare retro-patellar OC was observed in the area of the patellar ligament.

The linearized of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equation under closed ends around a neutral state is studied. It is reduced to a damped heat equation under non-local boundary conditions, which leads to a stochastic interpretation of the linearized equation as a Brownian particle which jump and is reflected, at Poisson distributed time, to one of the end points of the channel, with a probability which is proportional to its distance from this end point. An explicit expansion of the heat kernel reveals the eigenvalues and eigenstates of both the PNP equation and its adjoint. For this, we take advantage of the representation of the resulvent operator and recover the heat kernel by applying the inverse Laplace transform.

Soft materials or soft condensed matter are being globally developed for various technological applications for chemical, consumer goods, pharmaceutical, agri-business, and petroleum industries. Hence, research interest is consistently growing in experimental studies of the dynamics, structure, and morphology of soft materials as well as soft interfacial materials. This review focuses on atomic force microscopy (AFM), one of the many analytical tools conventionally used for solid matter research studies, and presently being expanded into the research area of soft materials. When appropriately utilised, AFM provides a suitable alternative to soft matter investigation. The main AFM modes discussed are contact, non-contact, and tapping modes. This review also provides discussions on the working principle of each AFM mode and its applications in soft matter analysis in recent years. Finally, a critical analysis and comparison of the imaging modes is carried out to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the aforementioned modes applied in relevance to soft matter analysis.

Uncertain fractional differential equation (UFDE) is an useful tool for studying complex systems in uncertain environments. In this paper, we study the extreme value theorems of the solution to Caputo-Hadamard UFDEs and applications. A numerical algorithm for solving the numerical solution of a nonlinear Caputo-Hadamard UFDE is presented, the feasibility of the numerical algorithm is validated by numerical experiments. The extreme value theorems are applied to the financial markets, and the pricing formulas of the American option based on the new uncertain stock model are given. Considering the properties of the American option pricing, the algorithms for computing the expected value of the extreme values based on the Simpson’s rule are designed. Finally, the price fluctuation of the American option is illustrated by numerical experiments.

In this paper, we study several problems of the fifth-order Camassa-Holm type (FOCHT) equation. The local well-posedness and blow-up scenario are established at first. Then we prove the global existence under some conditions and analyze the large-time behavior of the support of momentum density. Finally, we discuss the persistence property in Sobolev space.

Chemically, N1 nitrogen of piperazic acid is more nucleophilic than N2 nitrogen, but amide bonds predominantly formed at N2 nitrogen are prevalent in piperazic acid-containing natural products, with only one exception of sanglifehrin. Thus two orthogonal protecting groups of nitrogen are often employed to realize selective coupling of N2 nitrogen, resulting in increased synthetic steps and low synthetic efficiency. However, we developed selective deprotection of N2-Cbz from the N1,N2-diCbz piperazic acid-containing peptide to form the N2 amide exclusively, avoiding the tedious orthogonal protection strategy commonly applied to the easily-accessible N1,N2-diCbz piperazic acid as the building block. We employ this method to achieve an efficient synthesis of piperazic acid-containing cyclodepsipeptide core of verucopeptin with an overall yield of 21%. The key steps include late stage coupling of piperazic acid with 3-hydroxyleucine derivatives, and HATU-mediated macrolactamization of 19-membered macrocycle at N9 and C10. The selective deprotection of N2-Cbz from the N1,N2-diCbz-piperazic acid at late-stage would greatly facilitate the total syntheses of piperazic acid-containing cyclodepsipeptides of biological interest.

A document by Hong Huang. Click on the document to view its contents.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the morbidity of anorexia increased both in its scope and in its severity. Research conducted thus far, has raised questions regarding the unique influences that the pandemic imposed on individuals with anorexia and those at risk for developing it. This opinion article offers a psychoanalytic understanding for the increased morbidity of anorexia following the outbreak of COVID-19. It argues that the encounter between an external reality saturated with restrictions and prohibitions and the anorexic internal reality intensified the anorexic symptomology. The authors present explanations regarding the ways in which the pandemic undermined the anorexic defenses and contributed to the increase of anorexia. They conclude that COVID-19 has led to the exacerbation of anorexia through employment of two key defense mechanisms of anorexia, which are: 1. Implementation of prohibitions, reductions, and restrictions. 2. Having an omnipotent sense of self, in which the body is regarded as controllable.

Background : The parent stress is as ‘the experience by a mother of unpleasant emotions, such as tension, frustration, anxiety, anger, and depression, specially when they see their child admitted in NICU of neonate as a parent. Objectives :To assess the stress level & coping strategies of mothers of neonates admitted in N.I.C.U.To establish the correlation between the stress & coping strategies among mother of neonates. Materials & methods : A descriptive design was used for this research which was done in selected tertiary care hospital in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The sample consisted of 106 mothers whose baby admitted in NICU. The standardized tool and including modified likert scale used for data collection. In this study non-probability purposive sampling technique was used . After collection of the data, the selected samples was analysed by using Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation and chi-square test. and SPSS software version 20 and Microsoft Excel, 2007 used for statistical analysis . Results : After statistical analysis the result was found that majority (86.8 %) mother comes under severe stress and (13.2 %) of mothers comes under moderate stress. In case of coping strategies maximum mothers 96(90.6 %) were undergone moderate coping strategies to reduce the stress, and only few mothers 10 (9.4%) with poor coping strategy & did not find any relationship between the stress level & coping strategies ( r = 0.065, P=0.618). Here, the null hypothesis was rejected. The final table revealed that there is negative significant association between the stress level of mothers & socio demographic variables such as mothers age, Education qualification, family Income per month, mode of delivery, living area, Number of Children, and treatment pattern except four variables and these are education (p < 0.005), Income (p < 0.33) , mode of delivery ( p < 0.001) & family type (p < 0.001) etc.

This work provides the generalized fractional differential quadrature method, which is focused on the generalized Caputo kind and has been utilized for the first time for solving nonlinear fractional equations. The cardinal sine shape function is one of the effective shape functions of this method that is used in conjunction with the fractional operator of the generalized Caputo kind to convert nonlinear fractional equations into a nonlinear algebraic system. The nonlinearity problem is then solved using an iterative approach. Numerical simulations for a variety of chaotic systems are introduced using the MATLAB program and compared with previous theoretical and numerical results to ensure their reliability, convergence, accuracy, and efficiency. As a result, numerical simulations show that the cardinal sine shape function outperforms other techniques in terms of accuracy, convergence, and reliability. We confidently predict that the presented generalized fractional differential quadrature method and algorithm will be used to express and simulate many chaotic systems and generalized Caputo-type fractional problems in the future.

Widespread school closures and other non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), used to limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2, significantly disrupted transmission patterns of seasonal respiratory viruses. As NPIs were relaxed, populations were vulnerable to resurgence. This study within a small community assessed acute respiratory illness among kindergarten through grade 12 students as they returned to public schools from September through December 2022 without masking and distancing requirements. The 277 specimens collected demonstrated a shift from rhinovirus to influenza. With continued circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and return of seasonal respiratory viruses, understanding evolving transmission patterns will play an important role in reducing disease burden.

Reproductive isolation plays an important role in maintaining the species integrity of sympatric close relatives. For sympatric Arisaema species, interspecific gene flow is expected to be effectively prevented by pre-pollination barriers, particularly strong pollinator isolation mediated by fungus gnats. However, due to the lack of quantitative studies combining multiple pre- and post-pollination barriers, it is not known whether pre-pollination isolation is complete, and whether post-pollination barriers also contribute to reproductive isolation among some Arisaema species. We studied five pre- and post-pollination barriers (geographic isolation, phenological isolation, pollinator isolation, hybrid fruit production, and hybrid seed formation) among three sympatric Arisaema species (A. bockii, A. lobatum, and A. erubescens). The strength of individual barriers and their contribution to total isolation were quantified.The habitat elevations of the three Arisaema species mostly overlapped. Although phenological isolation and pollinator isolation reduced the frequencies of interspecific pollen transfer among these species, the partial overlap of flowering times and pollinator assemblages resulted in pre-pollination isolation that does not adequately prevent interspecific hybridization. Post-pollination barriers also contributed to reproductive isolation at the hybrid fruit and seed formation stages.We propose that, although pre-pollination barriers are expected to contribute more to total isolation than post-pollination barriers in Arisaema, pre-pollination barriers may not completely prevent interspecific pollen transfer among some Arisaema species. Post-pollination barriers, which are generally ignored, may also have contributed significantly to reproductive isolation in Arisaema.

The Mississippi River channel from New Orleans to the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) is a key deep draft navigation channel and an active deltaic lobe. Natural and engineered lateral exits from this reach into adjacent receiving basins historically has provided mineral sediment for wetland accretion in the face of rising relative sea level and supported estuarine-coastal food webs. However, our analysis indicates water losses from the channel have increased by 25% since 2004 due to (1) bank failures during large floods since 2012 that have created several large exit channels downriver of the flood protection levee, and (2) the opening of an engineered diversion at West Bay in 2004. This has resulted in a 60-80% loss in stream power in the lowermost navigation channel that is accompanied by net shoaling between 2012 and 2022 and an increased dredging need. Our 2022 survey in the GOM exit passes indicates that only 20% of the freshwater, 5% of the total suspended sediment (2% of the sand) at New Orleans now reaches the GOM: this supports previous research indicating the delta front is retreating after centuries of progradation. Together these results indicate that (1) river containment and the sustainability of the navigation channel is threatened, (2) sediment load reaching the seaward end of the delta may be insufficient to avoid major degradation, and (3) the increased freshwater flux into adjacent shallow coastal water bodies has unknown implications for coastal hypoxia and food webs, including commercial species (e.g., oysters) and marine mammals. Future acceleration in sea level rise rates and tropical storm frequency/intensity likely will worsen these trends.