A document by Sayed Saber, written on Authorea.

In this study, our aim is to provide a modification of the so-called Ismail-May operators that preserve exponential functions eAx, A ∈ ℝ. In consonance to this, we begin with estimating the convergence rate of the operators in terms of usual and exponential modulus of continuity. We also provide a global approximation and a quantitative Voronovskaya result. Moreover, to validate the modification, we exhibit some graphical representations using Mathematica software to compare the original operator and its modification. We conclude that the modified operators not only preserve exponential functions but also provide faster rate of convergence when A > 0.

In this paper, we employ three integration algorithms namely, the well known Kudryashove method, the new Kudryashov method and the unified Riccati equation expansion method to extract optical soliton solutions for the generalized Kudryashov's equation with power nonlinearities. Straddled soliton, bright solitons, dark solitons and singular solitons have been found

In this paper, we have proved two main theorems under more weaker conditions dealing with absolute weighted arithmetic mean summability factors of infinite series and trigonometric Fourier series. We have also obtained some new results for different absolute summability methods.

Recent researches show that virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission are two HIV infection modes. In this paper, we propose a delayed HIV infection model including both virus-to-cell infection and cell-to-cell transmission and CTL immune response. The time delay describes the phenomenon between viral entry and viral production. We show the nonnegativity and boundedness of solution, obtain the equilibrium points and prove local asymptotic stability of the equilibrium points. Then the optimal control problem with antiretroviral therapy and pharmacological delay is posed. We establish and analyze two types of objective functions, one is linear control and the other is quadratic control. Numerical simulations have been performed to verify the stability of equilibrium points and show the optimal control strategies and the effects of control on cells concentration by Matlab and Lingo.

The aim of this work is to investigate the exponential mean-square stability for neutral stochastic differential equations with time-varying delay and Poisson jumps. We give some conditions that all the drift, diffusion and jumps coefficients can be nonlinear, to obtain the stability of the analytic solution. It is revealed that the implicit backward Euler-Maruyama numerical solution can reproduce the corresponding stability of the analytic solution under these nonlinear conditions. This is different from the explicit Euler-Maruyama numerical solution whose stability depends on the linear growth condition. With some requirements related to the delay function and the property of compensated Poisson process, we deal with time-varying delay and Poisson jumps. One highly nonlinear example is provided to confirm the effectiveness of our theory.

Cardiac leiomyoscarcomas is a rare subset of the already infrequent primary malignant cardiac neoplastic spectrum. The most common site for a primary leiomyosarcoma is the right ventricle with fewer than five globally reported cases in the left ventricle. Most present with non-specific symptoms but attention is usually sought after the appearance of compressive symptoms or arrhythmias. We present the case of a left ventricular leiomyosarcoma that had a delayed diagnosis and its subsequent surgical management.

Colonoscopy is generally considered a safe procedure, with a low rate of complications. Although rare, the migration of the colonoscope may represents a life-threating events, requiring emergency treatment. We herein describe the case of an elective colonoscopy complicated by an irretrievable colonoscope that migrated, through a previous traumatic diaphragmatic hernia, in the chest cavity. This hernia was likely a chronic complication of a previous abdominal trauma. Several attempts to retrieve the scope were unsuccessful. After further investigations and collegial discussion, a left thoracotomy was performed, with the aim to retrieve the colonoscope and to reduce the hernia.

Objective:Identification of patients who are nonresponders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with the use of simple and objective parameters may be helpful in tailoring treatment. The aim of this study is to investigate whether E/(Ea×Sa) could be a predictor of CRT nonresponders (E=early diastolic transmitral velocity, Ea=early diastolic mitral annular velocity, Sa=systolic mitral annular velocity). Methods:In total, 53 heart failure patients were evaluated for this study, and 33 patients were included according to the study criteria. Before and six months after CRT-D(CRT with a defibrillator) implantation, E, Ea, and Sa were determined at the medial and lateral mitral annular sites, and the average values were obtained. E/(Ea×Sa) was calculated (medial, lateral, average). The patients were followed for six months to monitor their CRT response. A responder was defined as a patient with a reduction in end-systolic volume of <15% and an increase in six-minute walking distance of 50 meters. Results:At a six-month follow-up, 24(72.7%) of the 33 patients responded to CRT. At the six-month follow-up, in the responder group, the E/Ea ratio, lateral mitral, and average E/(Ea×Sa) indices were significantly reduced (p<0.01 for all). The baseline lateral mitral, medial mitral, and average E/(Ea×Sa) indices were significantly lower in the responder group than in the nonresponder group (p≤0.01 for all). The ROC analysis showed that all the E/(Ea×Sa) indices predict the CRT nonresponder patients. The AUC values were 0.89(lateral E/(Ea×Sa)), 0.85(average E/(Ea×Sa)), and 0.77(medial E/(Ea×Sa))(p≤0.01 for all). Conclusion:We found that the E/(Ea×Sa) index is a novel predictor of CRT nonresponder patients.

The goal of this research is to leverage computational molecular biophysics to guide process development, reduce experimental burden and focus purification activities on feasible targets. Here, we distill a complex separation problem (e.g. chromatographic retention of monoclonal antibodies) into a tangible model (ligand/protein complex), which is computationally feasible while preserving enough detail (atomistic level for interaction site) to support industrially relevant separation challenges. Computational docking, coupled with molecular dynamics simulation, produces results that are directionally consistent with chromatography for proteins (mAb). This approach is generalizable and can be applied to a range of ligands (AEX, CEX, and Mixed Mode). A detailed model of the chromatography base matrix (agarose) was constructed to obtain a biophysical understanding of potential protein/base matrix interactions. The base matrix was then modified in silico with ligands over a range of ligand densities representative of commercial chromatography resins to generate an agarose/ligand complex. A generic approach was developed to model the impact of avidity and ligand density on mAb/ligand interaction. The results revealed that increasing ligand density mask contributions of base matrix binding. Increasing the number of ligands that can interact with mAb results in more favorable free energy of binding or ΔG (more negative) with a limited incremental increase in ΔG by increasing N (number of ligands per agarose cluster) above three. Additionally, for protein/ligand interactions at each binding site, not all ligands contribute equally to the binding affinities or interaction energies and a redistribution of binding interactions/energies occur as N increases. These observations yield insights into the impact of avidity on retention (macroscopic affinity measurement via k’). The generic approach described in this manuscript can be leveraged to inform resin selection and design as well as targeted ligand selection/purification development in a rational manner.

We report a case of intravenous drug use-associated tricuspid valve endocarditis in a 28-year-old pregnant female at 26-weeks gestation. Despite appropriate intravenous antibiotics, the patient developed life-threatening complications and underwent planned cesarean delivery at 28 weeks 6 days gestation followed by interval tricuspid valve replacement one week later. Both the patient and her infant were successfully managed through the perioperative period.

Case series was done to discuss the use of cemented dahl appliance for increasing the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) and effectively restore esthetics and function in worn anterior teeth.

In heterogeneous catalysis, oxygen vacancies of metal oxides play a key role by modulating properties of coordination, electron states, electrical conductivity, and surface property. However, the investigation of oxygen vacancies in nonmetal oxides and their catalytic applications have rarely been reported. Here, we present oxygen vacancies-rich BPO4 hollow spheres covered by few-layer hexagonal boron nitride (BN) with a sandwich-like structure (BN@BPO4@BN) through an in-situ growth method. The as-prepared catalyst showed better catalytic activity and higher selectivity than that of commercial BN in the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene because of the synergetic effect between oxygen vacancies-rich BPO4 and h-BN. Oxygen vacancies increase the adsorption amount of propane and the confined space at the interface of BN and BPO4 weakens the adsorption of propene, benefiting the recycle of active sites. Moreover, the confined space and oxygen vacancies result in the transformation of reaction kinetic model.

Since December 2019, the rapid spread of SARS CoV-2 across the border, shuffled into a world pandemic situation with an alarming rate of morbidity and mortality. Concerns are mounting as the reports indicate tangled circumstances among the COVID-19 patients due to blood coagulopathy followed by organ dysfunction. COVID-19 induced an alteration in coagulation function increase the risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis associated with poor prognosis as well as high mortality. An elevated level D-dimer and other fibrin degrading protein are documented among the patients with COVID-19; especially in severe cases. Differences in coagulopathy among severe and non-severe cases, required prompt attention to adopt a more effective management strategy.

Lignin is considered as a promising substitute for fossil resources, but the efficient conversion of the lignin remains a huge challenge due to its structural complexity and immiscibility with typical solvents. Herein, a series of surfactant-free microemulsion reactors comprised of octane, water and n-propanol were designed and their corresponding phase behaviors alongside their ability to intensify oxidative depolymerization of lignin was explored. Experimental results show that the phenolic monomer yield improves substantially (40-500 wt.%) when the novel microemulsion systems are employed by comparison with processes performed in a single solvent. Detailed characterizations also suggest that the above intensification is rationalized by the solubilization effect of the microemulsion system, which arise as a consequence of directional aggregation of lignin at the microemulsion interface.

Figure 1 Solenoid based linearly movable armature systemThe magnetic flux linkage can be described byWhereInitial magnetic flux linkageDifferential inductanceCoil inductanceThe magnet circuit equation will beThe force exerted by the magnetic circuit to the mass becomeThe spring-mass system model equation is given byUpon selecting the voltage V(t) as the variable to be manipulated and the linear displacement as the variable to be controlled, substituting Equation (3) in to Equation (4) and in to Equation (2) and taking the Laplace transform results the transfer functionThe system parameters are shown in Table 1 belowTable 1 System parameters

Figure 1 Electromechanical car mirror wiper systemThe motor shown is a servomotor, a dc motor designed in particular for use in a control system. The operation of this device is as follows: A fixed voltage is carried out to the field winding. A voltage is implemented as an input to the servo motor and the angular position c of the wiper arm is the output of the device. The input voltage is implemented to the armature circuit of the dc motor. A constant voltage is carried out to the field winding. If an errors exists, the motor develops a torque to rotate the output load in the sort of way as to reduce the error to zero. For constant field current, the torque evolved by using the motor isWhere K1 is the motor torque constant and ia is the armature current.When the armature is rotating, a voltage proportional to the fabricated from the flux and angular velocity is brought on within the armature. For a constant flux, the brought about voltage eb is without delay proportional to the angular velocity orWhere eb is the back emf, K 2 is the back emf constant of the motor, and is the angular displacement of the motor shaft.The speed of an armature-managed dc servomotor is managed via the armature voltage e(t). The differential equation for the armature circuit isSubstituting Equation (2) in to Equation (3) yields:Taking the Laplace transform the equation will beThe equation for torque equilibrium isTaking the Laplace transform the equation will beWhere J0 is the inertia of the combination of the motor, load, and gear train referred to the motor shaft and b0 is the viscous-friction coefficient of the aggregate of the motor, load, and gear train mentioned the motor shaft.By eliminating from Equations (5) and (7), we obtainWe assume that the gear ratio of the gear train is such that the output shaft rotates n times for each revolution of the motor shaft. Thus,The wiper arm speed can be evaluated by using an integrator to the wiper arm position asSubstituting Equation (10) in to Equations (9) and to Equations (8) gives us the transfer function between the applied voltage and the wiper speed asThe parameters of the system is shown in Table 1 below.Table 2 Parameters of the system

Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 is one of the most important pathogens affecting both wild and domestic carnivores. Here, we reported the genetic characterization of canine parvovirus strains from a rescued guiña (Leopardus guigna) and domestic dogs from Chile. Guiña sequence was classified as CPV-2c and phylogenetic analysis of the complete coding genome showed that the guiña CPV-2c strain share a recent common ancestor with Chilean domestic dogs strains. These viruses presented >99% identity and showed three changes in the NS1 protein, CHL-17 V596A, CHL-71 E661K and CHL-guigna L582F. This is the first detection and genetic characterization of CPV-2c infection in guiña worldwide and one of the few comparative studies that undoubtedly determine that the source of infection were domestic dogs. The current findings highlight that guiña is a susceptible species to protoparvovirus infection and that domestic dogs represent an important thread to its conservation. The CPV cross-species transmission between domestic dogs and guiña should be taken into account for protection programs of this endangerous species.

Similar to the effects of changes in land use and cover, forest transitions have implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. However, forest transition theory ignores ecologically important characteristics, such as forest age, species composition, vertical structure, and all but the most severe levels of degradation. In this study, based on National Forestry Inventories (NFIs) data and socioeconomic panel data covering more than 40 years (1977–2018), we investigate the spatial-temporal dynamics and the spatial determinants of forest quality transition at the province level in China using spatial econometric regression models. Based on our results, we reached the conclusions that follow. (1) Forest area, forest volume, and forest coverage have greatly improved as of 2018, especially for plantations, but uneven forest distribution is an important feature of forest adaptation to the environment. (2) The global Moran’s I value is greater than 0.3, and the forest quality of the provinces has a positive spatial correlation and exhibits obvious spatial clustering characteristics. In particular, the spatial expansion of forest quality has shown an accelerated concentration from 1977 to 2018. (3) The most suitable model for empirical analysis and interpretation was the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) with fixed effects. The average annual precipitation and the area ratio of the collective forest are positively correlated with forested quality (significance level 1%). Ultimately, this framework can guide future research, describe actual and potential changes in forest quality associated with forest transitions, and promote management plans that incorporate forest area changes.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is an important health condition that is related to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Bariatric surgery, although effective, has limited indications and may pose a risk of early and late postoperative complications, one of which is related to the gastric retaining ring, such as erosion, sliding of the device, and food intolerance. One of the modalities used in the endoscopic treatment of ring extraction is the use of stents, which represents a minimally invasive, safe, and effective alternative to the detriment of surgical treatment. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the modalities of endoscopic treatment using Stents for the treatment of complications associated with the retaining ring in the postoperative period of bariatric surgery and to determine the success rate of the different methods of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: The present study will follow an international model of systematic review and meta-analysis, following the rules of PRISMA. The search strategies for this systematic review will be based on the keywords (MeSH Terms) “Obesity. Endoscopy. Bariatric surgery. Gastric Bypass. Stents ”, with publications between 2010 and 2020, in order to analyze more recent scientific publications. Meta-analysis: A common descriptive statistical analysis will be carried out, obtaining the values of total N, mean, standard deviation, confidence interval (CI), and percentage (frequency) for all predictors. The One-Way test (ANOVA) will be applied, adopting the α level less than 0.05 with a statistically significant difference for the 95% CI. The value of R-sq (I2) will be analyzed to discover the inaccuracy or heterogeneity of the analyzes. The S factor will indicate the standard deviation between the data points and the adjusted values.  Keywords: Obesity. Endoscopy. Bariatric surgery. Gastric Bypass. Stent.

Tonsillitis accounts for between 5 and 10% of all cases of illness seen by the general practitioner. This has been a rather stable prevalence over the last 100 years or so. The analysis of the incidence by age shows, for both tonsillitis and sore throat, a relatively high incidence in childhood and young adults, while after that period there is a fall with age. Laryngitis, on the other hand, appears to occur more frequently among adults than among children. The incidence of tonsillitis, sore throat and other pharynx diseases is higher among females than males. There is no indication among school-age children that there is a higher incidence in women. There is a fairly regular seasonal variation in incidence as well, with higher incidence in winter and spring. The UK was put into lockdown on 23 March 2020 in an unprecedented step to attempt to limit the spread of coronavirus. From an audit of over a total population of 9534 people, starting from the beginning of the lockdown to the 18 May 2020, the number of patients with diagnosis of tonsillitis was audited. The data were compared to those recorded in the 5 precedent five years during the very same period of time. Tonsillitis accounted, on average, for 8% of all cases of illness seen by the general practitioner from 2015 to 2019. The mean number of patients seen for tonsillitis was 805.8 with SD of 28.96. In 2020, the number of cases of tonsillitis was 593. From 2015 to 2020, the higher incidence in the female sex was confirmed from all the age bands>19.  The greatest drop in cases was not recorded in the age group 0 to 9, but - in the order - 10 to 19, 20 to 29 and 30 to 39 with a reduction above the 30% in the first 2 age bands. Overall, the drop was seen across all the age bands.

Tiny predators, especially like phytoseiid mites, often experience a host of threats or stresses by fluctuating environmental factors. Heat acclimation as a superior adaptation strategy critically enhances abilities for organisms to handle with changing climate, but little is known about the molecular mechanism determining tolerant plastic responses in Phytoseiid mites. The relative expression of four identified HSP70 genes in two strains of Neoseiulus barkeri increased within a short time in temperature ramping treatment; meanwhile the expression of NbHSP70-1 and NbHSP70-2 in the conventional strain (CS) sharply decreased after 4 h displaying distinct contrast with the stable expression in the high-temperature adapted strain (HTAS). Western blot analysis showed that the protein level of NbHSP70-1 in CS was dramatically elevated at 0.5 h and decreased at 6 h at 42°C. Conversely, in HTAS, NbHSP70-1 was constantly induced and peaked at 6 h changed at 42°C. Furthermore, HSP70 suppression by RNAi knockdown had a greater influence on the survival of HTAS, causing a higher mortality under high temperature than CS. The recombinant certain exogenous NbHSP70-1 protein enhanced the viability of E. coli BL21 under lethal temperature of 50°C. These results suggested that HSP70 genes were a prominent contributor promoting the thermotolerance to heat stress and plastic change of HSP70 genes conferred the thermotolerance of HTAS through long-term heat acclimation. The divergent constitutive regulation of HSP70 to thermal is conducive to the flexible adaptability of predators in higher trophic level to trade off under extremely adversity stress.

We present a case of a 66-year-old male with dyspnea and bilateral lower-extremity edema. Pericardiotomy and biopsy were performed and reported malignant mesothelioma. Primary pericardial mesothelioma is a highly malignant tumor that has unfavorable prognosis, and is extremely rare, even among heart tumors. In our case, despite the large amount of pericardial effusion of the first echocardiography, the infiltrated like pericardium was still detected. In addition, cytology after pericardiocentesis reported suspicion of malignancy, which followed by pericardiotomy and biopsy, lead to our timely diagnosis.

The pattern of cyclic conjugation was thoroughly studied in the series of N- and P-acenaphthylene derivatives using several different aromaticity indices: the energy effect (ef), multicenter delocalization index (MCI), harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index and nucleus independent chemical shifts (NICS). The Kekulé-structure-based reasoning predicts that there would be no cyclic conjugation in the “empty” five-membered heteroatom-containing rings in the studied molecules. It was found that, according to the ef, MCI and HOMA values, the extent of cyclic conjugation in the pentagonal rings is strongly influenced by the number and mutual arrangement of the hexagonal rings. In addition, it was revealed that in some of the examined molecules the intensity of cyclic conjugation in the “empty” pentagons is even stronger than that of some hexagonal rings within the same molecule. The obtained results refute what one would expect based on ”chemical intuition”, which is usually strongly rooted to the Kekulé structures.