This study was carried out on the usability of sulphur mine flotation wastes (SMFW) in the reclamation of calcareous sodic soils. SMFW are formed during the mineral ore beneficiation process and are stored in ponds built around the plant. However, from time to time, there are complaints that SMFW overflows from ponds and damages the environment. SMFW is very acidic (pH =1.0) and, according to chemical tests, it contains free sulphur, iron, and calcium sulphate. Due to these features of SMFW, it is thought that it can be used in calcareous sodic soil rehabilitation and also contribute to the solution of the waste management problem. For this purpose, the field trial was carried out for three years. The soil improvement tests were carried out in random blocks with 3 replicates, and 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 tons of SMFW per hectare have been used. SMFW raised the infiltration rate of soil by nearly double. At the same time, the effect of SMFW on sodium leaching was very rapid, and exchangeable sodium was removed from the upper layer with 30 cm of leaching water. In conclusion, SMFW improved the physical properties of sodic soils and established low-cost soil reclamation. SMFW doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 tons per hectare provided exchangeable sodium leach equivalent to 32, 58, 59, and 86 tons of pure gypsum, respectively, and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) decreased significantly, particularly in the topsoil layer. These results showed that SMFW can be used in the reclamation of calcareous sodic soils.

Driven by scientific development, the bio-convection unsteady nanofluid flow has gained enormous attention in research due to its applications in various disciplines such as biosensors, biological polymer synthesis, pharmaceutics, microbial improved oil recovery, and environment-friendly applications. As such, this study aims to investigate the mixed bio-convective magnetized and electrically conducting 2-dimensional flow in view of two extended wall channels subjected to MHD, thermal radiation, and binary chemical reaction effects. A mathematical framework is developed underflow of a nonofluid based on certain conditions. The implication of Soret and Dufour impacts is considered in the model problem. Such a nonlinear mathematical model is tackled by invoking similarity solutions for mass conservation, momentum, temperature, concentration, and micro-organisms expressions. The dimensionless principles (ODEs) are addressed by the efficacy Nactsheim-Swigert shooting along with the iteration process, explicitly through shooting technique (RK-4). The outlines of distinguished emerging constraints on flow fields are offered through the plotted graphic visuals. The impact of physical quantities of engineering interest is offered numerically via tabulated values.

We investigate the global existence of small data solutions to the Cauchy problem for the semi-linear time fractional σ-evolution equation models with nonlinearity of derivative type and memory. Based on the Lr − Lq estimates obtained in linear problem, and combined with the global iteration method, the global existence of small data solutions is proved under certain conditions of power p. Furthermore, we find that in the low-dimensional case, the limit of our conclusion can match the critical exponent in classical results.

Abstract: Purpose: This study was conducted to assess the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of cardiac surgical patients towards the ongoing Coronavirus Disease  (COVID-19) pandemic, as they are among the high-risk group for morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from September 2021 to November 2021 at a tertiary care hospital in western Rajasthan. A total of 88 patients were enrolled, and a questionnaire was created with 20 questions to assess KAP towards COVID-19. The KAP of enrolled patients was compared according to age, gender, place of residence, and education status. Results: A total of 88 participants completed the survey questionnaire, of whom 41 were male, and 47 were female. The mean age of the participants was 41.5 years. The mean knowledge score of our study group was 21.49±7.42, the mean attitude score was 4.08±1.84, and the mean practice score was 4.60±0.74. In the subgroup analysis, the difference in the knowledge score was statistically significant (p<0.05) in different age groups, however, the attitude and practice scores were comparable for all the age groups. There was no difference in KAP scores concerning the gender of the participants. KAP scores were significantly higher for the participants residing in urban areas than those from rural places. The KAP scores also showed a statistically significant relationship with the education status of the population (p<0.001). The knowledge score of the participants with graduation and above was 32.50±2.31, whereas the illiterate subgroup scored 13.72±3.15. Similar results were seen in the attitude and practice scores, with the mean values showing a gradual rise with the education status of the study population. Conclusion: This single-center KAP study on COVID-19 among cardiac patients who are considered high risk was able to postulate a comprehensive evaluation. The findings suggest that high-risk patients have decent knowledge scores and an overall optimistic outlook on surviving the pandemic. However, novel and far-reaching awareness programs are required for patients who are less educated and reside in rural areas as they are found to have lower KAP scores. Keywords: KAP, COVID 19, Cardiac surgery, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice

This case concerns 8-year-old boy who reported the chief complaints of severe nausea, persistent sore throat and pain in the abdomen. Laboratory investigation reveals high unconjugated serum bilirubin levels with normal liver function enzymes. One month of oral phenobarbital therapy showed an excellent response and lowered hyperbilirubinemia significantly.

Spontaneous hemothorax occurs in the absence of trauma or iatrogenic causes. Etiologies of spontaneous hemothorax in children include connective tissue disease, neoplasia and coagulopathy which is associated with thromboembolic events. We present the case of a 10-year-old chronic hemodialysis patient with spontaneous hemothorax with a concurrent COVID 19 infection.

Local therapies replaced systemic chemotherapy for ocular preservation in retinoblastoma. In middle income countries, these techniques pose specific challenges mostly related to more advanced disease at diagnosis. The Grupo de America Latina de Oncologia Pediatrica (GALOP developed a consensus document for the management of conservative therapy for retinoblastoma. Intra-arterial chemotherapy (OAC) is the preferred therapy, except those with less advanced disease or age younger than 6 months. OAC allowed for the elimination of the use of external beam radiotherapy in our setting. Intravitreal chemotherapy is the preferred treatment for vitreous seeding. Enucleation is the treatment of choice for advanced eyes.

The order Hymenoptera is one of, if not the most, species-rich order of animals, primarily driven by the many parasitoid wasps and their unique arthropod hosts. As hosts are necessary for survival, host location and selection have direct fitness implications. Semiochemicals, also known as infochemicals, from either the host herbivore or the plant are just one of many cues that parasitoid wasps use to locate a suitable host. The reliability-detectability hypothesis suggests that infochemicals from the host herbivore are the most reliable indicators of host presence. However, as localized signals, infochemicals are less detectable by parasitoids. Alternatively, infochemicals from plants are detectible over longer distances, although these signals are less reliable indicators of host herbivore presence. In this study, we explore the occurrence of infochemicals emitted by plants and their association with parasitoid host selection. We identified 112 phytochemical compounds extracted from Eucalyptus leaves that had been attacked by leaf beetle herbivores (Chrysomelidae) which had in turn been parasitized by Eadya larval-parasitoid wasps (Braconidae). Using several phylogenetic and statistical approaches, we conclude that host selection in two species of Eadya wasps is heavily influenced by infochemicals from the plant 1st trophic level. With this evidence, we propose amending the reliability-detectability hypothesis to include direct interaction between the 1st and 3rd trophic levels in a scenario where an oligophagous parasitoid utilizes oligophagous hosts.

Catalytic behavior of metal-free Hydroxyl group (OH) functionalized single nitrogen (N-Gra(OH)16), and triple nitrogen (N3-Gra(OH)16) doped graphene surface are investigated in the 4e- reduction pathway under oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) process. The thermodynamical parameters indicate the reaction to be highly exothermic and feasible with the N-Gra(OH)16 and N3-Gra(OH)16 as catalysts. However, N3-Gra(OH)16 shows better catalytic properties than N-Gra(OH)16. First, all reactive species (*O2, *OOH, *O, and *OH) chemisorb via a covalent bond on the N3-Gra(OH)16, which is essential for the efficient reaction kinetics. Secondly, the product H2O is physisorbed on the N3-Gra(OH)16, required for the uninterrupted reaction cycle. Categorically, the N3-Gra(OH)16 shows excellent catalytic activity due to a higher number of nitrogen atoms which has a lowered EHOMO-LUMO gap, concomitantly increasing the surface’s reactivity. Besides the above, the barrier energies are comparable with platinum (Pt) catalyst. Our results show that the N3-Gra(OH)16 surface is the most suitable catalyst for ORR activity.

The use of hydrogen gases has expanded significantly in chemical industry due to its contribution to the decarbonization. The temperatures and pressures of hydrogen gases should be managed to satisfy the different hydrogen consumers that leads to considerable energy consumption. Such a serious challenge highlights the importance of work-heat integration for energy savings of hydrogen networks. Towards this end, a superstructure-based method is proposed for the work-heat integration specific to hydrogen allocation network, wherein the complex thermophysical properties of hydrogen are represented via an accurate surrogate model derived from the data of process simulation. To perform the optimal design of the system, a mixed integer nonlinear programming model is formulated to reflect all considered work-heat interactive relationship and constraints in hydrogen networks. Two examples are studied. 10.8% reduction in the net power consumption and 44.3% decrease in the total annual cost have shown the superiority of the proposed method.

This work aims to develop a molecular-level process model framework for simulating the FCC process. The process model consists of the riser, regenerator, and separation models. A complex molecular-level kinetic model, containing 3,652 molecules and 8,202 reactions, was developed for the heavy oil FCC process. The kinetic model was coupled with the riser model, and the model parameter was tuned by a set of systematic experimental data from a pilot-scale plant. After that, a two-zone and two-phase regenerator model was built. The regenerator was combined with the riser model, and the coupled modeling and process simulation for the riser-type FCC unit was developed. The results show that the calculated value of fraction yields and key bulk properties agrees well with the experimental data. Moreover, the molecular distribution of the product and temperature profile was also predicted.

Paradoxical embolism is often a presumptive diagnosis as definitive evidence of venous thrombi, arterial embolism and a clot traversing a cardiac defect is extremely uncommon. We present a rare case report of a patient diagnosed with paradoxical embolism, in whom a thrombus-in-transit through a patent foramen ovale was identified.

Hot excitons are usually neglected in optical spectroscopy in 2D semiconductors for the sake of momentum conservation, as the majority of hot excitons are out of light cones. In this letter, we elaborate the contribution of hot excitons to optical properties of monolayer MoSe2 with photoluminescence (PL) and photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectroscopy. With the excitation-intensity-dependent PL, temperature-dependent PL and PLE experiments combined with the simulations, we experimentally distinguish the influences of the exciton temperature and the lattice temperature in the PL spectrum. It is concluded that the acoustic phonon assisted photoluminescence accounts for the non-Lorentzian high energy tail in the PL spectrum and the hot exciton effect is significant to linear optical properties of TMDs. Besides, the effective exciton temperature is found to be several tens of Kelvin higher than the lattice temperature at non-resonant optical excitation. It indicates that the exciton temperature needs to be carefully taken into account when considering the exciton related quantum phase phenomena such as exciton condensation. It is experimentally demonstrated that the effective exciton temperature can be tuned by excitation energy.

Under complex driving conditions, the driving speed of pure electric vehicles changes frequently, and there is no mathematical law to follow. Bad working conditions will lead to the change of the driving motor parameters. Conventional motor control PI regulator parameters are fixed and cannot be adjusted in real time in accordance with the vehicle driving state. The dynamic performance of the drive system decreases due to the increase of AC/DC coupling in the high-speed field weakening region of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). To solve the above problems, an IPMSM fuzzy single-current field weakening control algorithm for pure electric vehicles was proposed, and the parameters of the PI regulator were adjusted in real time through fuzzy control to enhance the response characteristics and anti-interference characteristics of the drive system. The optimized single-current field weakening control method was adopted, and the a-axis and d-axis voltage was adjusted in real time based on the vehicle speed and the output torque, which enhanced the control performance of the vehicle in the high-speed field weakening region. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm were verified through a simulation comparison with the conventional PI-adjusted single-current field weakening control algorithm.

Ecosystem vulnerability in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) is a prominent concern. An in-depth exploration of net primary productivity (NPP) serves as an important aspect of assessing and protecting ecosystem health. We explored spatiotemporal changes and influencing factors of NPP in the YRB from 2000–2015, using a range of spatial analysis techniques, and cutting-edge computing-intensive variable importance decomposition methods. We found that NPP showed a fluctuating growth trend over time, ranging from 181.0–259.1 gC∙m -2∙a -1, as well as a clear negative south-north spatial gradient. Significant spatial clustering patterns were observed, with Low-Low and High-High clusters being the dominant area classifications at grid cell, county, and city scales in the study area. We also found that NPP was statistically significantly affected by both natural factors (including climate and topography), and human activities, whilst meteorological factors were the most important factor and explained, on average, roughly 66% of the variability in NPP. Although the impact of human activities on NPP was relatively low when compared to natural factors, the former tended to increase with time and accounted for roughly 30% of the total variability explained by the model in 2015. Overall, this study provides an improved technical framework for undertaking a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal pattern of NPP and its influencing factors at multiple-spatial scales.

Background: Ramadan Umrah is the second largest Islamic pilgrimage with 2.75 million pilgrims allowed in 2022. This report presents the results of survey among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Ramadan Umrah for monitoring SARS-CoV-2 and influenza activity and to identify prevalent SARS-CoV-2 variants after this mass gathering. Methods: Cross‐sectional survey conducted at Cairo airport April 30-May 5, 2022. Pilgrims were invited to participate voluntarily. After consenting, participants interviewed using questionnaire including demographics, health status and vaccination information and asked to provide NP/OP swabs for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza testing by RT-PCR. Whole-genome sequencing performed for 29 SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Incidence calculated, descriptive data analysis performed, and SARS-CoV-2 patients were compared to negatively tested participants using chi2 and p value<0.05. Results: Overall, 1,003 subjects participated, their mean age 50.9±13 years, 594 (59.2%) were males. Of them, 76(7.6%) tested positive including 67(6.7%) SARS-CoV-2, 7(0.7%) influenza and 2(0.2%) SARS-CoV-2/influenza coinfection. Omicron sublineage BA.2 was the prevalent variant with no difference in severity identified between BA.1 and BA.2. No difference identified between COVID-19 incidence among receivers of different vaccine types or between fully vaccinated and booster dose receivers. Conclusions: survey indicated a low incidence of SARs-CoV-2 and influenza among Egyptian pilgrims returning from Ramadan Umrah. Patients had mild or no symptoms with no hospitalization or deaths reported. Full vaccination and booster doses of COVID-19 vaccines proved equally effective. Enhancing COVID-19 and influenza vaccination before mass gatherings and close monitoring of respiratory viruses among pilgrims returning from Hajj and Umrah are crucial for outbreak early detection and mitigation.

We present three Chinese male patients with similar complaints of recurrent episodes of vesicles, blisters, erosion/ulcers predominantly on sun-exposed areas. They were diagnosed as having porphyria cutanea tarda after a clinical investigation. Of note, all patients had a history of alcohol abuse with or without apparent liver function damage.

Reality has failed to agree with the expectation that vaccines will solve the COVID-19 problem by preventing onward transmission of the coronavirus known as SARS-CoV-2, which followed logical deductions from inflammatory phenomena in which Mechnikov and his contemporaries described immunity as originating from the elimination of pathogens by a system of cells and substances that has since been named the immune system. But upon illustrating the reality in which we are protected from the pathological manifestations that occur in response to the pathogen in immunological phenomena, it was found to be that in which the pathogen does not cause such pathological manifestations through effects that are due to its mere presence but rather through effects that are due to its influence on pathological mechanisms so that immune mechanisms do not protect us from such pathological manifestations by eliminating the pathogen but rather by making asymptomatic hosting of the pathogen possible. And such protection, which occurs in spite of the presence of the pathogen when the conditions from which it originates are present, is obtained by means of infection with the same pathogen through the attenuation of its

Nowadays apparently harmless Candida species especially rare ones, cause a rising number of infections. We report the first case of conjunctivitis due to Candida metapsilosis obtained from the eye discharge of 40-day-old girl with congenital heart disease admitted in the ICU. The isolate was resistant to fluconazole, anidulafungin and micafungin.

Using cloud computing, businesses can adopt IT without incurring a significant upfront cost. The Internet has numerous benefits, but model security remains a concern, which affects cloud embracing negatively. The security challenge gets too difficult underneath data center, while additional dimensions such as model design, multitenancy, elasticity, and the layers dependency stack have been added to the problem scope. We present a thorough examination of the cloud security challenge in this article. We looked at the issue from the standpoints of network infrastructure: cloud-provided features, cloud consumers, and cloud service delivery methods. Based on this research, we developed an in-depth characterization of the data protection challenge and recommended security solutions that should address the critical aspects of the issue. Cloud computing is an exploding field of research that relies on distributing computing power instead of using dedicated computers or smart devices. Most of the growth in this sector is attributed to the indispensability of electronic and digital gadgets and the shift from a traditional IT subscription model to a unique cloud model. Cloud computing offered a significant danger and difficulty for information system projects, but it also provided them with several possibilities to improve their data processing. It has also been noted that cloud users and consumers do not yet have the necessary forensic skills to detect illegal activity in the cloud. Although the cloud offers potential technological and economic advantages, consumers have been reluctant to adopt it primarily due to security concerns and the difficulty of conducting an appropriate investigation into the cloud. Some study has been done in this area, and strategies for conducting forensic investigations have been proposed. In this research paper, we begin by analyzing the intrusion detection progress made by other academics, and then we analyze and evaluate our conclusions in order to assess the potential difficulties that cloud forensics face based on these findings.

Abstract: Duplicity of the appendices are very rare. A 32-year-old man presented with type B2 duplicity of the appendix and acute appendicitis. An appendectomy was done for both. Intraoperative incidental finding, is the only chance to avoid missing appendix duplicity and appendicectomy should be done for both.

A novel mathematical formulation is presented for describing growth of phase in solid-to-solid phase transformations and it is applied for describing austenite to ferrite transformation. The formulation includes the effects of transformation eigenstrains, the local strains, as well as partitioning and diffusion. In the current approach the phase front is modelled as diffuse field, and its propagation is shown to be described by the advection equation, which reduces to the level-set equation when the transformation proceeds only to the interface normal direction. The propagation is considered as thermally activated process in the same way as in chemical reaction kinetics. In addition, connection to the Allen-Cahn equation is made. Numerical tests are conducted to check the mathematical model validity and to compare the current approach to sharp interface partitioning and diffusion model. The model operation is tested in isotropic two-dimensional plane strane condition for austenite to ferrite transformation, where the transformation produces isotropic expansion, and also for austenite to bainite transformation, where the transformation causes invariant plane strain condition. Growth into surrounding isotropic austenite, as well as growth of the phase which has nucleated on a grain boundary are tested for both ferrite and bainite formation.

In this paper, a Higher-order Heisenberg spin chain system with quintic terms in selfconsistent potential is investigated, which is one of a generalization of the Heisenberg ferromagnetic equations and is integrable. We firstly obtain the Lax representation of the Higher-order Heisenberg spin chain system with quintic terms in self-consistent potential. Secondly, we discuss integrable Heisenberg ferromagnetic equations motioning curves in (1+1) dimension. Further, the Darboux transformation of the Heisenberg spin chain system with quintic terms in self-consistent potential is constructed, and we discuss a soliton solution by Darboux transformation.

Primary cutaneous CD4+ small to medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder is rare, accounting for only 2-3% of all primary cutaneous lymphomas. In this report, we describe the case of a 50-year-old man with an asymptomatic, small, round nodule on his temple area.