Safety is the foremost aspect in today"s world. In this world of technology, people need technology to help them in danger conditions. Gas leakage becomes a severe issue that results in many accidents which lead to mortal and monetary harm. It is need of hour to install the gas leakage detection systems on public places. This paper presents a system design that identifies the leakage of gas and warns the user about the situation by sending SMS on user"s phone with the help of GSM. Smart kitchen by means of IOT is aimed, created and verified. Our system has more features than existing systems because those were manual while our system is automatic and provides rapid reply and correct identification that can save many lives and prevents humans from many hazardous cases. _____________________________________________

It is beneficial to investigate the effect of nanomedicines on cancer cell behaviors on three-dimensional (3D) platforms for evaluating and developing novel antitumor nanomedicines in vitro. Two-dimensional flat surface is widely used to study the cytotoxicity of nanomedicines on cancer cells, and there is little work using 3D confinement to assess the effect of nanomedicine on cancer cells. In this work, PEGylated paclitaxel nanoparticles (PEG-PTX NPs) were applied for the first time to treat nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC43) cells in 3D confinement which consisted of microwells with different sizes and a glass cover. The cytotoxicity of the small molecule drug paclitaxel (PTX) and PEG-PTX NPs were studied in microwells with sizes of 50×50, 100×100, and 150×150 μm2 and with covers. After NPC43 cells were treated with PTX and PEG-PTX NPs, the cell migration speed and cell morphology were analyzed in different microwells without and with covers. The relationship between the cytotoxicity from drugs, the size effect from microwells, and cell behaviors were analyzed. These results not only show the effect of 3D confinement on cytotoxicity of nanomedicines and cell behaviors, but also provide a novel method to screen anticancer drugs and evaluate the cell behaviors in vitro.

Here, we describe a family case carrier with 3q29 microduplication, a 1.56Mb and 1.68 Mb duplicate region, that was identified by CNV-seq. Different from the common clinical traits of previously reported cases, this family of individuals shows an apparently normal phenotype.

Differences in individual personality are common amongst animals, which can play an ecological and evolutionary role given links to fitness. Personality affects animal life processes and outputs (e.g., behavior, life history, growth, survival, reproduction), and has become a common theme in animal behavioral ecology research. In the present study, we used Siberian Sturgeon to explore how personality traits of boldness and shyness are related to swimming performance, post exercise recovery and phenotypic morphology. Firstly, our results indicated that the Siberian sturgeon juveniles of shyness were better swimmers, validating evolutionary biology trade-off theory. The critical swimming speed (Ucrit) of the shy groups was higher than that of the bold groups. Secondly, the shy groups were more resilient after exercise fatigue. The swimming fatigue recovery ability, the glucose and lactic acid concentration recovery ability of shy groups were greater than that of bold groups. Thirdly, the shy groups were more streamlined. Compared with bold groups, shy groups had smaller caudate stalk lengths, caudate stalk heights, superior caudal lobes, and inferior caudal lobes. These research results further enrich the theoretical viewpoints of fish behavior biology, more importantly, which provided a good example for studying the relationship between sturgeon’s “personality” and swimming performance.

Atomoxetine is the first non-stimulant medication approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It can significantly improve ADHD symptoms, with good efficacy and tolerability. However, its efficacy was not consistent among all patients, especially for pediatric population. Due to marked heterogeneity in treatment response, a precision therapy should be developed and evaluated to guide treatment planning at the individual level. We have gained a better understanding of the pharmacokinetic profile. This review summarized some factors affecting peak concentrations of atomoxetine, including food, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes, and drug-drug interactions. The association between response and genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding the pharmacological targets such as norepinephrine transporter (NET/SLC6A2) and dopamine β hydroxylase (DBH) was also discussed. Based on the well-developed and validated assays for monitoring plasma concentrations of atomoxetine, the therapeutic reference range in pediatric patients with ADHD proposed by several studies was summarized. However, supporting evidence on the relationship between systemic atomoxetine exposure levels and clinical response is far from sufficient. We have to create evidence to characterize clearly the dose-exposure relationship, to establish clinically relevant metric for systemic exposure, to define a therapeutic exposure range, and to provide a dose-adaptation strategy before implementing personalized dosing for atomoxetine in children with ADHD. Personalizing atomoxetine dosage may be even more complex than we anticipated, but we can be optimistic about the future based on the remarkable advances in understanding the nature and causes of ADHD, as well as environmental stressors.

Purpose. To assess the effect of exposure to fluvoxamine around the COVID-19 diagnosis on subsequent hospitalizations and mortality in COVID-19 outpatients in a real-life setting. Methods. Using nationwide administrative data, we identified adult COVID-19 outpatients diagnosed up to August 15, 2021 and conducted two cohort studies. Study 1 included subjects prescribed fluvoxamine around the index COVID-19 diagnosis (Cohort A), their peers suffering similar psychiatric difficulties but not prescribed fluvoxamine (Cohort B) and those free of psychiatric difficulties/treatments (Cohort C). Study 2 included subjects prescribed fluvoxamine (Cohort Fluvoxamine) and their peers prescribed paroxetine (Cohort Paroxetine). Cohorts were mutually exactly matched and incidence of COVID-19-related hospitalization, 30-day all-cause hospitalization and of COVID-19-related mortality was estimated. Results. Of the 416030 first-episode outpatients, Study 1 included 1016 Cohort A, 95984 Cohort B and 275804 Cohort C patients. Matched Cohort A (n=749) vs. Cohort B (n=31336) relative risks (95%CI/CrI), frequentist and Bayes with skeptical, otpimistic and pesimistic priors, were: COVID-related hospitalization 1.37 (0.56-3.33), 1.15 (0.55-2.11), 1.03 (0.56.1.96) and 1.43 (0.63-2.94), respectively; 30-day all-cause hospitalization 1.88 (0.76-4.67), 1.76 (1.39-2.25), 1.76 (1.39-2.24) and 1.86 (1.43-2.38), respectively; COVID-19 related mortality 0.73 (0.35-1.55), 0.93 (0.53-1.76), 0.79 (0.40-1.54) and 0.88 (0.37-2.11), respectively. Matched Cohort A vs. C (866 vs. 222792) comparison yielded similar estimates, as did the matched Cohort Fluvoxamine vs. Paroxetine comparison in Study 2 (344 of 994 matched to 535 of 1796 patients). Conslusion. Outpatients prescribed fluvoxamine around the time of COVID-19 diagnosis were not at a reduced risk of hospitalizations and mortality compared to their non-prescribed peers.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare and has an extremely poor prognosis. It is known that most of anaplastic transformation occurs in primary lesions, but rarely in metastatic lesions. We report 67-year-old female patient who recieved surgery, but whose postoperative pathological examination revealed anaplastic transformation in metastatic cervical lymph nodes.

Aims: We conducted a meta-analysis of trials in when is prefectly to conduct a surgery for asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) in children. Methods: We searched the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases to identify related articles published prior to April 2022 that conduct the surgery for asymptomatic congenital pulmonary airway malformation in children in different ages. Results: The results showed that operating the surgery between 3 months to 6 months old in patients can decrease the length of hospital stay. The younger the age of operation, the shorter the operation time. As for get rid of the ventilation as soon as possible and lower major complications, the surgery should be performed no more than 6 months old. Whereas, the chest tube duration as well as the number of deaths didn’t have statistically significant change. Conclusions: As for asymptomatic CPAM patients, we suggested that surgical treatment should be performed less than 6 months old.

Background. The COVID-19 pandemic has spread across the world, leading to government measures associated with a negative impact on mental health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on depression, anxiety and resilience in Dutch people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF) or primary ciliary dyskinesia (PwPCD) and their caregivers during the pandemic. Methods. Adolescents (12-17 years), adults and caregivers of children (0-17 years) with CF or PCD completed questionnaires on depression (PHQ-9), anxiety (GAD-7) and resilience (BRS) between September 2020 and February 2021. The psychosocial impact of COVID-19 was measured by the Exposure and Family Impact Survey (CEFIS) Part 2. Mixed model analyses compared PHQ-9 and GAD-7 results to participants’ pre-pandemic scores. Results. 110 participants (10 PwCF, 31 PwPCD, 52 CF caregivers, 17 PCD caregivers) completed questionnaires during the pandemic. Pre-pandemic outcomes were available for 87 participants. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety (PHQ-9 or GAD-7 scores ≥5) in PwCF and PwPCD and their caregivers before and during the pandemic was high, with an increase in depression in PwCF (2.75; 95%-CI: 0.82 to 4.68) and increase in anxiety in CF caregivers (1.03; 0.09 to 1.96) during the pandemic. Resilience was within the normal range for all groups, CEFIS scores corresponded to a low to normal impact. Conclusion. PwCF and PwPCD and their caregivers were at high risk of increased depression and anxiety symptoms both before and during the pandemic, which emphasizes the importance of mental health screening and psychological care in CF and PCD.

This case report describes of a pharmacokinetic drug–drug interaction between crizotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir, a direct-acting antiviral drug, leading to cardiac toxicity. A 75-year-old man, with no cardiovascular history but a diagnosis of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer with MET exon-14 deletion and hepatitis C virus infection genotype 1A, received both crizotinib and sofosbuvir/velpatasvir. Crizotinib was well tolerated, but 1 week after sofosbuvir/velpatasvir initiation, the patient experienced bilateral lower-limb edema and class III NYHA dyspnea. We assumed that increased exposure to crizotinib could account for this cardiac toxicity. Drug causality was probable according to the Naranjo scale. We hypothesized a reciprocal interaction between crizotinib and velpatasvir, mediated by both cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Clinicians should be aware of the risk of drug–drug interactions between direct-acting antiviral agents that inhibit CYP3A4 (glecaprevir) and/or P-gp (voxilaprevir) and anticancer tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are mostly CYP3A4 and/or P-gp substrates (gefitinib, afatinib, erlotinib, crizotinib, ceritinib, lorlatinib, brigatinib, capmatinib etc.).

We develop a mathematical model to study the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) on the dynamics of an epidemic. The level of intervention is assessed as a fraction of the population being isolated and depends on the level of incidence of the epidemic in the population. We perform the mathematical analysis of the model and show that, depending on the choice of the prevalence-dependent isolation function, it is possible to create new endemic equilibria and to change the stability of the disease-free equilibrium for which the epidemic vanishes. The model is then applied to the case of the covid-19 pandemic. Several NPI management strategies are considered. In the case of a NPI intensity increasing with the level of infection, it is possible to avoid the initial epidemic peak of great amplitude that would have occurred without intervention and to stabilize the epidemic at a chosen and sufficiently low endemic level. In the case of a NPI intensity decreasing with the level of infection, the epidemic can be driven to extinction by generating an “Allee” effect: when the incidence is below a given level, the epidemic goes extinct while above it, the epidemic will still be able take hold at a lower endemic level. Simulations illustrate that appropriate NPIs could make the Covid-19 vanish relatively fast. We show that in the context of the covid-19 pandemic, most countries have not chosen to use the most efficient strategies.

Distributed learning is a very effective divide-and-conquer strategy for dealing with big data. As distributed learning algorithms become more and more mature, network security issues including the risk of privacy disclosure of personal sensitive data, have attracted high attention and vigilance. Differential privacy is an important method that maximizes the accuracy of a data query while minimizing the chance of identifying its records when querying from this data. The known differential privacy distributed learning algorithms are based on variable perturbation and the variable perturbation method may be non-convergence and the experimental results usually have large deviations. Therefore, in this article we consider differential privacy distributed learning algorithm based on objective function perturbation. We first propose a new distributed logistic regression algorithm based on objective function perturbation (DLR-OFP). We prove that the proposed DLR-OFP satisfies differential privacy, and obtain a fast convergence rate by introducing a new acceleration factor for the gradient descent method. The numerical experiments based on benchmark data show that the proposed DLR-OFP algorithm has fast convergence rate and good privacy protection ability.

Polyploids recurrently emerge in angiosperms, but most polyploids are likely to go extinct before establishment due to minority cytotype exclusion, which may be specifically a constraint for dioecious plants to evolve polyploid populations. Investigations into the frequency and distribution of polyploids in natural populations is thus necessary for understanding polyploid evolution in plants. This study determined the ploidy levels of 28 populations and 351 individuals of Salix polyclona, and identified the type of polyploidy (auto- vs. allo-) using whole genome re-sequencing data. We further investigated the phylogeny, population genetic diversity and species range shifts to explore the origin and spatiotemporal evolution of the polyploid complex. Our analyses revealed a high frequency (52%) of autopolyploids in it with a clear geographic distribution confined to the western part of its range where complex mountain systems create higher levels of environmental heterogeneity. Comparisons of diploid male and female genomes suggested a female heterogametic sex-determining factor on chromosome 15, which likely also acts in the dioecious polyploids. Fossil-calibrated phylogeny showed a more recent diversification of the polyploids (ca. 2.3 Ma) than the diploid (ca. 6.2 Ma), and population demographic histories largely corroborated the geological and climatic history of the region. Our results suggest that climatic oscillations and uplift of eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the connecting mountains may have facilitated the preservation and establishment of polyploid populations. This study provides an example of the evolution of a diploid-polyploid complex in a willow species and illustrates a role of polyploidization in mountain biodiversity.

Ferric and manganese oxalate complex can be obtained from iron-rich pyrolusite by oxalic acid leaching and ultraviolet radiation. Molar ratio of C2O42- to Fe3+ in leaching solution was found to be a vital parameter decided the leaching and precipitation efficiencies of Mn and Fe in leaching and radiation processes. Even at the optimal leaching concentration of experiments, the Fe leaching rate reached 94.24%, while the leaching rate of Mn was only 69.04%. When a two-stage countercurrent leaching process was carried out, both Fe and Mn leaching rates could reach 97.10% and nearly 100%, respectively, realizing efficient leaching of Fe and Mn from pyrolusite.

Water distillation is an effective method for detritiation and deuterium enrichment. This study focuses on the effect of the wettability of the packings surface on the separation performance of the H2O-HDO system. Hydrophilic coatings with different structures are prepared on the surface of copper packings by the method of alkaline erosion and oxidation, and it is found that the hydrophilic coatings with different structures showed different hydrophilic effects. The differences in mass transfer performance of packings with different contact angles are investigated. It is found that with the increase of hydrophilicity, the mass transfer performance of the packing is relatively improved. By combining empirical models of mass transfer and experimental data, a mathematical model for predicting the height of equal plate (HETP) is established to quantify the effect of wetting properties on the mass transfer process.

Introduction: Pregnant women with mechanical prosthetic heart valves (MPHV) are reportedly at high risk of mortality and morbidity. We aimed to compare outcomes at our specialist centre with national data, and whether anticoagulation regimes influenced outcome. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of all pregnant women with MPHV managed by our service between 2003-2021. Maternal and fetal outcomes and anticoagulation data were collected. Summary statistics and comparative analysis with results from the national UK-wide dataset were compiled. Results: A total of 50 pregnancies in 23 women were identified. Patients with complex valve replacements were common, with 34.8% of pregnancies involving management of dual MPHV. Maternal mortality was zero (95% CI: 0-7.1). Serious maternal and obstetric complications occurred in only 7 pregnancies (14.0%; 95% CI: 7.0-26.2%), including only two valve thromboses (4%). Live births followed 31 of the pregnancies (62%), compared with a national baseline of ~75%. Low molecular weight heparin was the most commonly used anticoagulant during pregnancy (84%), but no single anticoagulation regime was found to be universally optimal. Concomitant low-dose aspirin was given to those with dual or systemic mechanical atrioventricular valve replacement. Discussion: Our study is the largest single centre report on maternal outcome for women with MPHV. We share how comprehensive, multidisciplinary planning may significantly reduce mortality and morbidity for our patients. Anticoagulation management should be individualised according to patient risk profile. With appropriate peripartum care, risk for women with MPHV considering pregnancy may be lower than previously reported

Objective: To assess whether the non-placement or early removal of urinary catheter (Ucath) could improve the recovery of patients undergoing cesarean delivery (CD). Moreover, we assessed the impact of neuraxial morphine in this study population. Design: Prospective cohort Setting: Hospital Clínic of Barcelona. Sample Patients undergoing CD Methods: Prospective cohort over a 10-month period. Main outcomes measures: Surgical time (ST), time to first spontaneous micturition (FSM), need for intermittent catheterization (Icath), time to first solid oral intake (FOI), time to mobilization (Tmob) and time to hospital discharge (THD). Results. Among 290 patients, those without or who had Ucath removed early (first 6h) displayed significantly shorter times to: FSM, FOI, Tmob and THD. Urinary retention (21.9 % vs 8.9 %, p = 0.004) and intermitent catheterization (39.7 % vs 19.6 %, p < 0.001) were more frequent when Ucath was not placed. Using morphine did not significantly increase postoperative times. Urinary retention was significantly higher when morphine was used in spinal anesthesia (8.7 % vs 21.8 %, p = 0.049). No differences were found in terms of nausea, vomiting and pruritus. Morphine was associated with better pain control at 6 and 12 h at rest. Conclusions. Not using or removing Ucath early had a positive impact on the postoperative care of CD. Neuraxial morphine was appropriate and safe and should be considered a first-line analgesic in CD.

Objective Analyze the differences in the laboratory indexes and baseline clinical characteristics between the endometriosis(EMs) patients with or without combination of endometrial polyps(EPs), and establish an efficient combined prediction model to predict endometrial polyps in endometrial patients. Design Retrospective study Setting Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, China, from August 1, 2020, to July 31, 2021 Population 1250 endometriosis patients Methods Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a combined diagnostic model. RESULTS Compared with endometriosis patients without EPs，endometriosis patients combined with EPs had significantly higher age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure(SBP), diastolic blood pressure(DBP), luteinizing hormone (LH ), estradiol (E2), platelet(PLT), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and had significantly lower hemoglobin (HGB) and white blood cells(WBCs) (P＜0.05). The combined prediction model for endometrial polyps in patients with endometriosis including BMI, DBP, gravidity, parity, LH，WBCs, HGB, TC, FPG has been established. The ROC curve showed that the combined diagnostic model reached area under the curve of 0.78(0.75-0.82, p＜0.001). CONCLUSION Compared with endometriosis patients without EPs，endometriosis patients combined with EPs had some metabolic changes. The combined diagnostic model of BMI，DBP，gravidity，parity，LH，WBCs, HGB, TC, FPG may provide a new approach for the early diagnosis and precise treatment of endometrial polyps in endometriosis patients.

Objective: To investigate reliable biomarkers for predicting histological chorioamnionitis (HCA). Design: In this retrospective study, PPROM mothers were treated with a course of dexamethasone. Blood tests for serum indictors were conducted continuously after first injection. Setting: One Shanghai hospital Population: PPROM mothers before 34 0/7 weeks of gestation Methods: Data were compared by General Linear Model analysis. The diagnostic accuracy in predicting HCA were evaluated with ROC curve. Main Outcome Measures: The response of infectious indictors to dexamethasone treatment; the diagnostic accuracy for CRP and PCT in predicting HCA. Results： We found 98 HCA women (62.42%) and 59 CON women (37.58%) in 157 PPROM mothers. WBC and neutrophil significantly increased 24 hours after the first injection in both groups, followed by a decrease at 72 hours post first injection (P<0.05). No significances were found between two groups in WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte. Both CRP and PCT were significantly higher in the HCA group after first injection. PCT had both high specificity and sensitivity, especially at the baseline (cutoff, 0.031 ng/ml). Furthermore, the positive predictive values (PPV) of PCT were respectively 0.946 and 0.960 at 48 (cutoff, 0.049 ng/ml) and 72 (cutoff, 0.051 ng/ml) hours, which were better than the corresponding PPV of CRP. Conclusion: The response of WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte to dexamethasone could be differentiated from uterine infection; PCT could be a reliable biomarker for early diagnosis of HCA. Funding: Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (GWIV-26, 202040128); Pudong Commission of Health and Family Planning (PW2019D-13).

This review article considers the physiology, differential diagnosis and immediate management of vasovagal response, vascular injury and carbon dioxide embolism caused during creation of the laparoscopic pneumoperitonium. These pathologies account for over half of all laparoscopic complications and therefore, by taking a systematic approach to these possibly life-threatening events, laparoscopy can become even safer.

Objective To determine the prevalence of Polymerase Epsilon gene (POLE) mutation, P53 mutations, and mismatch repair deficiency(dMMR) in endometrial cancer, followed by clinicopathological correlation and survival analysis Design- retrospective cohort tested prospectively and analysed for survival functions based on the findings Setting- Single institution, tertiary care centre Sample- Blocks of 48 consecutive patients with primary endometrial carcinoma were subjected to the molecular profiling Methods- Molecular classification of endometrial cancer by POLE ultramutated ,dMMR using IHC (MLH1, MH2, MSH6), and Copy number high/low (p53on IHC) was done on the preserved paraffin blocks Main Outcome Measures- prevalence of POLE mutation, P53 mutations, and deficient MMR in endometrial cancer, followed by clinicopathological correlation and survival analysis Results Eleven (22.9%) patients were dMMR , 3 ( 6.3%) had POLE mutation, while 2 (4.1%) had both POLE and P53 mutations (regarded as multiple classifiers). Twelve (25.0%) patients were found to have P53 mutations, while the remaining 20 (41.7%) had no specific molecular profile (NSMP). Median follow up duration was 43.5 (2-62) months with 8 recurrences and 9 deaths. Tumors with POLE mutation had the most favourable prognosis followed by the NSMP and the MMR mutated group while the P53 and multiple classifier groups had the worst prognosis in terms of OS ( Log rank p : 0.006) and PFS ( Log rank p : 0.001). Conclusion Integrated approach of molecular profiling should be expanded to routine testing in endometrial cancers to streamline treatment options and utilize targeted therapy such as immunotherapy Funding Institutional internal funding

A document by Abiah Jacob. Click on the document to view its contents.

In this work, modelling studies on the binodal curve behavior of polymer-electrolyte ATPS and the partitioning of biomolecules in these aqueous electrolyte solutions are carried out. First, a comprehensive database targeting the studied systems is established. Then, a novel modeling strategy that combines a well-known machine learning algorithm, i.e., artificial neural network (ANN) and group contribution (GC) method is proposed. Based on this modeling strategy, an ANN-GC model (ANN-GC model1) is built to describe the binodal curve behavior of polymer-electrolyte ATPS, while another ANN-GC model (ANN-GC model2) is developed to predict the partition of biomolecules in these biphasic systems. Furthermore, the obtained results also indicate that the tie-line length of polymer-electrolyte ATPS calculated from ANN-GC model1 can be directly used in ANN-GC model2 for predicting the partition performance coefficient of biomolecules in these ATPS.

P-graph is a popularly used framework for process network synthesis (PNS) and network topological optimization. This R&D notes introduces a Python interface for P-graph to serve as a linkage to modern programming ecosystems. This allows for a wider application of the fast and efficient P-graph solver, to provide structural and topological enumeration in numerous fields. The proposed framework allows for more integrative usage in Artificial Intelligence (AI), machine learning, process system engineering, chemical engineering and chemometrics. Large and repetitive topologies can also be automated using the new programming interface, saving time and effort in modelling. This short note serves as a demonstration of this open-sourced P-graph interface (code: https://github.com/tsyet12/Pgraph).