Abstract
Carbon capture, storage and utilization have become familiar terms when
discussing climate change mitigation actions. Such endeavors demand the
availability of smart and inexpensive devices for CO2
monitoring. To date, CO2 detection relies on optical
properties and there is a lack of devices based on solid-state devices,
which can be miniaturized and easily made compatible with IoT platforms.
With this purpose, we present an innovative semiconductor as functional
material for CO2 detection. Nanostructured
In2O3 films, functionalized by Na,
proves to enhance the surface reactivity of pristine oxide so much that
even rather stable a molecule as CO2 is reduced. An
advanced operando equipment based on surface-sensitive diffuse infrared
Fourier transform is used to investigate its improved surface
reactivity. The role of sodium is to increase the concentration of
active sites such as oxygen vacancies and, in turn, to strengthen
CO2 adsorption and reaction at the surface. It results
in a change in film conductivity, i.e., in transduction of a
concentration of CO2. The films exhibit excellent
sensitivity and selectivity to CO2 over an extra-wide
range of concentration (250-5000 ppm), which covers most indoor and
outdoor applications with marginal influence by environmental humidity.